Photo courtesy of India Today
The Rajapaksa regime has declared a state of emergency amid ongoing protests including a general strike on May 6. This gives the government drastic powers to crack down on dissidents. The move has been widely condemned in Sri Lanka and internationally, as have attacks on protesters.
An emergency was declared in early April but allowed to lapse after widespread criticism. The president and his inner circle have made some efforts to win over the millions of Sri Lankans who are suffering terribly due to mismanagement of the economy made worse by the lack of democracy. But the decree is a reminder of top politicians’ unwillingness to be held accountable by ordinary people and readiness to respond through threats and violence.
Enforcing public insecurity, disorder and lack of supplies and services
Announced on May 6 under the Public Security Ordinance, emergency regulations were supposedly needed “in the interests of public security, the protection of public order and the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the life of the community.” This was ironic, since President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s leadership has resulted in massive insecurity for the public and left many without food, utilities, healthcare or other essentials.
The safety and welfare of the country’s population was further endangered by the sometimes brutal response to demonstrators with tear gas, water cannon and beatings. The situation would have been far worse if not for the impressive nonviolence of protestors, many of them young. In a report From Bad to Worse: Rights Under Attack During Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis published on May 6, Amnesty International described how the government, after inflicting severe hardship which violated people’s economic and social rights, also trampled on civil and political rights. In some instances where acts such as arson occurred, evidence pointed to police or their associates as perpetrators. “The crisis in Sri Lanka is a prime example of the interdependence and interrelatedness between economic and social rights and civil political rights, and as such, human rights must be at the heart of discussions on Sri Lanka’s economic future,” said the report.
Children and young people have been among those affected by the repression. “UNICEF is concerned with reports of violence during protests involving children. All actors must guarantee the right to peaceful assembly and freedom of expression, including for children,” according to a statement by the Sri Lanka office of the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). It also made the point that children and adolescents have the right to participate in and express their opinions on topics that concern them. In addition the Child Protection Alliance wrote to the United Nations Resident Coordinator in Sri Lanka, Hanaa Singer-Hamdy, on “disturbing scenes of children injured by tear gas used to disperse unarmed protestors.”
However the president’s response has been to take an even harder line. He now has access to sweeping powers including arresting and detaining critics, entering and searching premises, seizing property, overriding the law and using the armed forces alongside police to enforce his rule.
The reaction has been overwhelmingly negative. The Bar Association of Sri Lanka (BASL) argued that “a declaration of a state of emergency is not the answer to the present situation in the country including the spate of public protests and strikes which have occurred” and that this “must not be used to stifle peaceful protests and dissent or to make arbitrary arrests and detentions.” It called on the president to revoke the decision “and to ensure that the fundamental rights of the people such as the freedom of expression including the freedom of speech and publication and the freedom of peaceful assembly which are aspects of the sovereignty of the people are respected and protected and not violated by the State or its agents.”
“We urge the government to explain to the public the reasons for this proclamation since protests have been largely peaceful and within the ambit of normal police operations,” the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka said in a statement. “We hope that freedom of speech and assembly, the rights associated with arrest and detention as well as other fundamental rights and freedoms will not be affected or derogated from during the period of the emergency.”
“This is the second time the President has declared a State of Emergency in the span of five weeks, with no credible justification provided, in a context when Sri Lanka has witnessed weeks-long peaceful protests across the island,” the Centre for Policy Alternatives commented. “Despite the peaceful citizen mobilisation, CPA is alarmed by the violent and intimidatory tactics used by authorities, with the declaration of state of emergency being the latest move to crush dissent and other democratic rights.” CPA pointed out that “The abuse of Emergency Powers to cater to the Presidents own insecurity is unconstitutional and undemocratic, and demonstrates a blatant disregard for the people and state of the country’s economy and stability.”
Opposition leaders have also condemned the declaration.
“Peaceful expression of dissent is not an emergency. Root causes for dissent must be tackled,” tweeted Hanaa Singer-Hamdy on 7 May. Others who spoke out include the US ambassador, British and Canadian high commissioners and European Union.
In a media statement the Sri Lankan government tried to justify its actions. The move was needed “to ensure political stability which is a vital condition in overcoming the current socio-economic crisis in the country thereby assuring public safety and uninterrupted supply of essential services,” claimed the Director General of the Department of Government Information.
He stated that “Discussions have already been opened with the multi- lateral institutions led by the IMF and friendly countries to obtain financial assistance, and restructure outstanding debt, and the outcome of such discussions are positive. Political stability and peace in society are two major conditions that are demanded in building confidence and strength to make such programs a success.” Supposedly “The State of Emergency was imposed as a short term measure of easing the crisis, and it will be lifted immediately after the normalcy returns in the island.” It is unlikely that many will be convinced.
What will happen next?
Some news stories suggest that Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa may step down, although it seems improbable that this in itself would put an end to the protests. Another report claims that the opposition leader Sajith Premadasa has been invited to take the post, although he wishes to consult other parliamentarians before deciding. If the president remains in power, there may be widespread scepticism about any changes at the top.
Meanwhile the risk looms of intensified repression using the new powers at President Rajapaksa’s disposal. On May 10, the Colombo Chief Magistrate is due to hear a request from police to have the Galle Face protestors removed. There is some uncertainty however about the grounds. After a social activist and journalist claimed that Galadari Hotel Colombo and Taphouse restaurant had provided statements in support of the police on this matter, they faced a storm of negative comments on social media. The Galadari Hotel management swiftly sought to undo the damage stating that “upon being approached by the Police to make a statement as to whether any inconvenience was caused to the hotel by the ongoing protests, one of the managers had specifically stated that inconvenience was only caused due to the road closures effected by the authorities on 29.04.2022 by installing barricades obstructing the road leading to the hotel” and insisting that they had not asked for Gotagogama to be removed.
If there are moves to use further violence in clamping down on the most high profile protests or demonstrations elsewhere or to victimise critics of the regime, its credibility will be further undermined at home and abroad. Much remains uncertain. It is likely that further voices will speak out, and pressure be brought to bear against the unwarranted declaration of a state of emergency in Sri Lanka.
